Serene Wandering

As we arrived in Edinburgh by tender on August 7, we were greeted by a lone bagpipe player.  

We began our first of three tours,  learning a few things as we rode on the coach to the old city.

We hadn’t been sure how to pronounce the name of Scotland’s capital city.  We were told that Scottish people call it Edin-burro while English people call in Edin-berg.  

Andrew Carnegie was born in Fife, now a suburb of Edinburgh.  Of course, he moved to the United States and made lots of money.  We knew about Carnegie funding libraries all over, but hadn’t known he donated more church organs than libraries.

King James VI of Scotland was heir to the English crown after the death of Queen Elizabeth I.  Renamed King James I, he ruled over the combined Scotland and England. 

In 1603, he gathered churchmen and scholars who took seven years to write the King James Bible.  The first complete King James Bible was printed in Edinburgh in 1633.

We left the coach and walked a few hundred yards to tour Mary King’s Close – a network of narrow underground alleys and abandoned houses that have been beneath the Royal Mile since the 17th century. Closes were private community streets which were locked at night. The wealthy lived in the top floors where the light could enter their homes. The poorest lived in the dark underground with livestock and open sewers. .

Unfortunately, no underground pictures were allowed beyond this point.  The next few are from their website or outside the close.

During the 1600s, this area was the very heart of Edinburgh.  The close was named for Mary King, 49 years after her death, a sign of how loved and respected she was.   Currently, Edinburgh city offices sit above the remains of Mary King’s Close.

Plague outbreaks happened in Scotland since the 6th century, with a third of the population dying in the 1300s.  In 1645, the city had two horrible bouts of plague, both pneumonic and bubonic.  The crowded living conditions in the close made residents very susceptible.  

Community measures, recommended by the plague doctors, were not saving the population, or themselves.

The last plague doctor did some things right, not because he understood the illness, but because he was trying to protect himself.  He had his mask nose filled with spices and herbs to keep the odor out and that protected his breathing.   He dressed in a full cloak sealed with beeswax and that protected him from fleas.  

The people of Edinburgh also got some things right accidentally.  They burned the possessions of plague victims to get the bad demons out. In reality, the smoke killed the fleas, and dispersed the rats that carried the plague. 

In our exploration within the close, we went into one bedroom that is said to be the most haunted place in Edinburgh. There was once a psychic from Japan, who was disturbed by the sensations of despair in the room. She believed a young girl, Annie, was upset that she had lost her doll. The psychic brought “Annie” a Barbie doll.  Supposedly, that gave Annie peace. Many others have brought Annie dolls and they are collected in her bedroom.

Our daughter, who is into all things haunted, was aware that the close was on the registry of most haunted places.

When the tour was over, we did not return to the ship.  We stayed in Edinburgh because we had booked an afternoon tour of Edinburgh Castle.

We spent our time in-between tours on the Royal Mile.  The Mile has Edinburgh Castle on one end and Holyrood House (residence of the British monarch) on the other.  There were so many people!

We happened to be in Edinburgh during the three week Festival Fringe and Scottish Tattoo.  More about the Tattoo later, but Festival Fringe is a major arts festival including thousands of acts and artists – both little known and world known.  

What it meant to us was a fun assortment of street performers to watch and enjoy.

We walked by the 900 year old St. Giles Cathedral, where reformation in Scotland began. 

The country had a difficult transition from Catholicism to Presbyterianism.  The change was officially adopted in 1560. 

Along the Mile, we saw a unicorn on a spire.  The unicorn is Scotland’s national animal.  In Celtic mythology, the unicorn is a symbol of purity and power.

We eventually gathered for our independently booked Edinburgh Castle Tour. Our guide had a great sense of humor and was a wealth of knowledge. 

One of the things she made clear was that the movie Braveheart had many inaccuracies in how it represented that era of Scottish history.  The real Braveheart was Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland from 1306-1329.  She said the movie was filmed in Ireland, not even in Scotland.  

Castle rock is Britain’s longest occupied piece of land.  Ancient peoples lived there from 900 BCE.

The rock is a volcanic plug rising 445 feet above the land surrounding it.  The height and access from only one side helped make the site defensible. It also made water availability difficult during drought or seige.

Edinburgh Castle was the home of Scottish kings and queens for centuries. It has a wild history over its one thousand years.  The castle came under attack 23 times and changed hands several times.  The cylindrical walls helped deflect canon fire.  

This is the shield of Scottish monarchs.

Within the castle walls, St. Margaret’s Chapel, built around 1130, is the oldest building in Edinburgh.

During the 15th century,  Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to the future King James VI of Scotland in this apartment. He became James I of England and commissioned the bible mentioned earlier.

It has been over 300 years since a monarch lived inside Edinburgh Castle.

The last was King Charles II.

The gate house in front of the castle is from the 1800s.  Queen Victoria arrived here and thought it needed a better entrance.   In our guide’s words- “a little more curb appeal for Queen Vicki”.

The castle cannon are really ship cannon brought here because Queen Vicki thought there should be cannons to make it look more “palacey”. Our Scottish guide was so fun, but I do think these comments diminish Queen Victoria a bit. She was a historic and accomplished monarch.

This is Castle Square, the hub of Edinburgh Castle.  The Scottish Crown Jewels, the oldest in Britain, are held in this building.  We didn’t take the time to wait in the long line to see them.

I removed people in this picture to get a good photographic expanse of the castle within the walls.   Actually, I removed people in nearly all of the photos.  This entire part of Edinburgh was very crowded during our time there. 

The castle is still an active military base, as well as a major tourist attraction.  This area houses the military museum.

We had nice views of the city from the castle.

As we left our tour and the castle, heading back down the Royal Mile, we had a great view of one more street performer from the Festival Fringe.

We needed to get back to the pier to meet our evening tour. Our choices were walk, Uber or tram.  We decided to try the tram. 

As we walked, we passed some great buildings!

It was either misinformation or misunderstanding that had us go to Waverley Station.  Unfortunately for us, Waverley was the train station – not the tram station.

While at Waverly, we were in the only train station in the world named after literature.  Sir Walter Scott, 1771-1823, wrote many Scottish and European classics.  He was once the most famous writer in the world.  His works include Ivanho, The Lady in the Lake and Waverly.

I’m not sure that was worth the thousands of extra steps to go to Waverly and then redirect to the tram station, but it was eventually accomplished.  Observing others who seemed to know what they were doing, we finally made it back to the pier.  There, we connected with Cindy and Darrell for our evening excursion.

None of us had heard of the Scottish Tattoo until a few weeks before we embarked on this trip.  We received notice from Holland America that they had added shore excursions for the Tattoo.  Randy and I initially dismissed the expensive additional excursion until several random people mentioned how lucky it was that we were going to be in Scotland at the time of the Tattoo.  Our friends had a similar experience.  In the end, we were all in.

Tour busses took us back to the Royal Mile where we got in long  quickly moving lines.  We made our way onto the castle esplanade and, since we hadn’t eaten dinner in our need to get back to the pier, we purchased meat pies from a vendor,  Randy had a steak pie and I had a vegan curry pie.  Both were delicious.

A “tattoo” used to be a 30 minute drumbeat telling British soldiers to return to their quarters for the night.  They needed to be in place before the drumming ceased.

In the case of the Scottish Tattoo, it is a ceremonial performance of military music, dances and drills.  

We were there for the 75th annual Tattoo with over 800 performers from all over the world.

Of course the group was dominated by the home performers including the Massed Pipes and Drums.

The Band of the Polish Border Guard performed. 

Ukraine Naval Forces Orchestra received a warm, warm welcome.

The United States Honor Guard Drill Team from the Air Force Academy was excellent.

The Swiss Top Secret Drum Corps performed.

The United States Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps were also there.

For the first time ever, drones were used.

After 90 minutes, the Edinburgh Tattoo ended with a lone piper playing.  The experience was amazing.  Those that told us we should go were absolutely right.  

At the conclusion, we had a bit of embarrassment.  We from the ship, mostly Americans, were towards the top of our section and just started heading down the isles.  It was only when we were stuck in the isles that we noticed a protocol happening all around the stadium.  People all around us were orderly going out row by row from the bottom to the top.  Ooops.  

It was another example of how some countries do things better than we do.  Travel and learn – it’s what we do!

The ship excursions team had designated people along our half mile (ish) route to help us navigate from the castle to the coaches.  The coaches took us back to the pier, to the tenders, to the ship.  All this was happening after midnight.  The ship was scheduled to leave at 1:00 am but actually left closer to 2:30.

It was all good, because the next day was a Sea Day!  The captain could make up the time and we could do anything, everything, or nothing at all.

After six port days in a row, we had a scheduled sea day on August 4, 2025.

And then we had an unscheduled sea day.

Storm Floris delivered high winds and rough seas across and around Scotland. 

We missed out on the Isle of Sky and Scotland’s most photographed castle, Eilean Donan.  (This picture is from the castle website.)

We spent two days relaxing,  playing cards,  going to lectures, eating and drinking, and listening to music.  We could not walk outside on the promenade for safety reasons.

And then we had a sunny morning. We were headed to Loch Ness to see Nessie!

As we boarded our tour bus, we were told that the wind and salt water discharge from the nearby oil (or gas) rig left the bus windows very dirty.  Ummm, why park them there, or why not clean them?

It was not the best view out the windows for a Scenic Tour of the Scottish Highlands.

As always, the guide gave us some random facts:

It is estimated that Scotland once had 3000 castles now there are remains (sometimes very minimal) of 900.

There are over 150 whiskey distilleries in Scotland.

Curling stones are made from granite from Alisa Craig, a small Scottish island.

Scotland uses miles per hour.  They refer to lanes as carriage ways so highways are single or dual carriage ways.

Mac in front of a name means “son of.” MacDonald is son of Donald.

Scotland is making an effort to show signs in both Gaelic and English.  Since 2005, Gaelic is included as an official language in Scotland, instead of being ignored or suppressed.

We had a 20 minute stop in Inverness. It was too short to do anything but walk around the cathedral grounds. We could not go in.

We did find the nearby roof-lines to be interesting with the various chimneys.

This seemed to be a staging stop so all the busses didn’t get to Urquhart Castle at the same time. Unfortunately, our driver did not use the time to clean the windows.

We travelled along Loch Ness, the second largest loch in Scotland.  It is very deep at 734 feet. Strange creatures in the loch were “known” to the locals long ago. 

Interest grew in the 1930s after a modest article in the Inverness paper sparked a surgeon to take this photo. That was 91 years ago. The photo made Nessie a world wide phenomenon.

Our guide reported that modern technology has found unknown creatures very deep in the loch so maybe there is some truth to it all.

We didn’t see Nessie but were glad to see a much better view of Loch Ness from outside the bus.

Urquhart Castle was built both as a fortress and as a residence.  It has over a half million visitors a year and is said to be the greatest castle of the Scottish highlands.  (Cindy and Darrell toured a different highlands castle. Perhaps, their guide said the same.)

We had a short 45 minutes at the site so we walked around quickly. There were in-person and audio tours if you had the gift of time.

We watched an eight minute film that covered 1000 years of castle history!

The present Urquhart ruins date from the 13th century. A medieval fortification pre-dated this fortress.  

The castle and its inhabitants were instrumental in the 14th century wars for Scottish independence.  Then, it was a royal residence for a time. 

The highlands MacDonald clan raided repeatedly. 

Urquart Castle was awarded by King James IV to John Grant in 1509.  

The Grants built this tower and made the castle their luxurious home. 

The MacDonalds continued their raids and the castle was strengthened.  

The castle was abandoned in the middle of the 17th century. 

Then, it was purposely destroyed in 1692 so the Jacobites could not use it.  Jacobites advocated that the House of Stuart be restored to the throne.  

The saga of British, Irish and Scottish history is extremely long and complicated. It would take more than an eight minute film or a paragraph or two.  I’m not going there.

As we came back to the busses, we saw one of the other driver and guide combos working on cleaning the windows on their bus. Our driver and guide made a half hearted attempt at the last minute. I think if we hadn’t seen the others being cleaned, they wouldn’t have bothered.

On the way back to the port, our guide serenaded us in English and Gaelic.  Many on the bus knew the words to sing along, but we did not.

The guide pointed out a standing stone that is likely 3000 years old. Standing stones may be singles, like the one above, or placed in circles, lines or groups. They date to 4000 BC to 1,500 BC and are attributed to Neolithic peoples, those from the final period of the Stone Age.  The stone’s purposes are not known but generally thought to be practical,  ceremonial or religious.

Although we enjoy most tours, this one was not good. Considering the dirty windows, the wasted time in Inverness, and our shortened time at the castle, we were not impressed. We aren’t even factoring in that we didn’t see Nessie!

We came back to the ship and enjoyed some drinks and peanuts before dinner and our evening entertainment. Randy had a Smoked Cherry Old Fashioned.  Even with the elite beverage package, it cost $1 extra!

The next day was a big day in Edinburgh, as we would be touring morning, afternoon and night.  I needed to resist waking up and listening to the Mariners game in the middle of the night.

In preparation for visiting Liverpool, I gathered our British pounds left from a previous trip to London.  My goal, after the next few weeks, was to have no pounds or euros left. We always tried to tip tour guides in local currency so that is where most of it was destined.

Our luck at avoiding really wet weather had left us. At each previous stop, it seemed we were one step ahead of the big rains to come.  Today, August 3rd, we were going to get wet.

We boarded our bus and got a bit of information along the way.   

We passed the Royal Liver building, the tallest building in Europe until the 1940s.  The first picture is what we saw out the bus and the second is a better picture from the internet.  The clocks were large enough so sailors could know the time from their ships.

The Cunard building was the home of the cruise line. Twelve million Europeans used Cunard to emigrate to North America.

This building is the Port of Liverpool building.  Together these three buildings are known as The Three Graces.

From 1840 to 1900, Liverpool was the world’s busiest port. Currently there are eight miles of docks.

Part of the port is Royal Albert Dock. It was developed in 1846 and named for Queen Victoria’s husband.  Albert Dock had secure, fireproof warehouses. Cranes lifted heavy loads.  Traders could buy and sell wares before import taxes were paid.   Albert Dock procedures cut in half the time it took to unload and load ships.  

This picture shows an abandoned Royal Albert Dock in 1980, when time and silt greatly reduced its stature.    In 1986 a Maritime Museum opened in an abandoned warehouse and restoration began.  Restoration continued over the next twenty years and, with the Three Graces, became part of Liverpool’s Unesco World Heritage status. 

We were headed to the Royal Albert Dock because that is where The Beatles Experience is!

Since the early 1960s, when The Beatles first made their appearance, Liverpool has played a leading role in the formation of the world’s popular music culture. 

We are a decade too young to be serious Beatles fans but we were certainly aware and knew some of their major hits.

The Experience started at the very beginning, a very good place to start.  (Oh wait, that isn’t a Beatles’ song.)

The group, with a different drummer, began playing at the Casbah.

They bought their first instruments at Hessey’s Music on Mathew Street.  We walked Mathew Street later in the day.

We saw a remake of the Cavern Club where the Beatles performed 247 times, making it the most famous club in the world.

August, 1962: Peter Best was out and Ringo Starr was in as drummer.

The Beatles appear on the Ed Sullivan Show February 9, 1964.

Beatlemania!

Costumes from the Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band Tour.

There were sections of the museum dedicated to each of the band members. These are the things we learned:

Paul McCartney is the most successful recording star ever.

John and Paul were very successful song writers together but George Harrison wrote some of their great songs like Let it Be, Love You Too and Here Comes the Sun.

This is the rebuilt Cavern Club.  The original was demolished in 1973 but the new one built with the same bricks and same dimensions. In addition to the Beatles,  there is a list a mile long of other past and current stars who have played there.

George was stabbed in his home and his wife went after the intruders.

Ringo was the only one to remain on good terms with all the other Beatles after the break up. Ringo was also the voice of Tommy the Tank Engine we learned about at Isle of Man.

There was a large section of the museum dedicated to John Lennon.

We left the museum and went to explore areas of Liverpool significant to the Beatles.

This is Mathew Street. 

It is paired with Beale Street in Memphis as the two most musical streets in the world.

Liverpool is in the Guinness book of records for the most artists with number one singles of any geographical location in the world.

There was no alcohol served in the Cavern Club so the Beatles and others made their way to The Grapes between sets.

Outside the Cavern Club is this statue of Cilla Black. She was the coat-check girl at the club.  With their help and encouragement, she was able to go on stage with the Beatles.  She was signed by their manager, Brian Epstein.   She was the top female recording star in the UK in the 1960s and 70s with songs like “Anyone Who Had a Heart” and “You’re My World”.  She later had a career as a television personality.

I did not know the name Cilla Black so did a bit of research in writing this.  I thought it was interesting that her name was really Priscilla White.  I found this photo.

Enroute to more Beatles’ sites, we passed the Liverpool Lime Street Railway Station. It is the “oldest still operating grand terminus mainline station in the world”. 

I find it interesting that so many places we travel have the oldest of this or that.  I feel like I should have been keeping a list!

We also went past the Liverpool Empire Theatre, venue of the last Liverpool concert site of the Beatles.  It was held on December 5, 1965.

The group Queen recorded epic song Bohemian Rhapsody for the very first time at The Empire.

The Anglican Cathedral in Liverpool is the largest cathedral in Britain and the 5th largest in the world. It is the largest non Catholic Cathedral in the world.  Paul McCartney auditioned for the boys choir and was not selected.

Decades later, Paul McCartney’s live album, Oratorio, was recorded in the cathedral in 1991.  Paul had asked that the old choir director be present, and he was.  Our guide said they had a very sweet, cordial conversation.

The 1967 song Penny Lane was on audio as we drove down Penny Lane.

The song was about life on the lane and Liverpool in general.

Strawberry Fields was a girl’s orphanage during John’s youth near where he lived with his aunt.  Now it is a non profit work training center for Liverpool youth.

This was John’s childhood home when he lived with his Aunt Mimi.  Aunt Mimi and her husband had taken him in when life with his parents was unstable.  Still, it was often lonely and difficult after his uncle died.  His aunt did not appreciate his music noise.

With the massive success of the Beatle’s, Aunt Mimi felt like a prisoner of her own home with people always outside.  John bought her a home away from the city.

We drove by the street that had the house in which Paul McCartney lived for several years. Our bus was too big to go directly so this is a picture from the internet. It was a hangout for the Paul, John and George to practice and write songs.  It is labelled by the National Trust as “the birthplace of the Beatles”.

It was in this house that they practiced the newly learned B7 chord and incorporated it while writing “I Saw Her Standing There”.

Ringo lived across the street from where this mural.  He was a sickly child.  Ringo taught himself to play drums at an early age.  He played as a left handed drummer on a right handed drum set.  This allowed for his unique sound.

This Beatles sculpture is the most photographed sculpture in Europe.

It was a marvelous day learning about Liverpool and the Beatles along with Cindy and Darrell.

We celebrated a good day with martinis – chocolate martinis for the guys, a lemon drop martini for Cindy and an espresso martini for me!

Next up: Sea Days and Loch Ness

The Isle of Man is one of three self-governing British island territories.  It sits in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland. 

The United Kingdom is responsible for the island’s defense and representation abroad, but the Isle of Man has a separate international identity. 

Humans have lived on the island since before 6500 BC.  Gaelic influences began in 5th century AD.  We had the Isle of Man’s history described to us as before the Vikings, during the Vikings, and after the Vikings.  We visited on August 2nd.

As we came into port, we could see many wind turbines in the distance. Randy counted about 85, but said there were more on the horizon.

Our excursion was to travel by steam train from Douglas to Castletown. 

The train station was made of bricks that were originally ballast on return voyages from Ireland.

This narrow-gauge train began operations in 1874.   It still runs with its original locomotives. 

There were eight passengers per car.

The only disappointing thing about the train ride was that our views of the sea were few.

The children’s storybook character Thomas the Tank Engine was based on a fictional island near The Isle of Man. That is just the first of several random things we learned about the Isle of Man – more to come!

Our destination, Castletown, was named for its fortress, one of the most complete medieval castles in the British Isles. 

This clock on the Castle Rushen’s exterior is prominent from the town square.  It was presented to the island by Queen Elizabeth I in 1597.  It has only ever had one hand, but is still operable after 400 years. 

Castle Rushen’s first line of defense was an outer wall that was 7 feet thick and 25 feet high.   The castle’s walls themselves were 12 feet at the base thinning to 7 feet thick at the top.

We paid our fee and began 90 minutes of exploration.

The castle entrance was protected by a drawbridge and two porticuilles with a killing area between.

The castle is operated by the Manx National Heritage, an organization that manages a significant proportion of the Island’s heritage assets including over 3,000 acres of coastline.   It took over managing the castle in 1988 and completed restorations.  

The Manx are the ethnic group that originated on the Isle of Man.  Their language has a Gaelic origin but developed in isolation so is unique.   Their governance structure, The Tyndall,  was introduced by the Vikings over 1000 years ago.  For example: A potential law must be read publicly, outside, in its entirety in both English and Manx.

Although the castle has been found to contain some construction materials dating to 947, it is advertised as 800 years old.  It was developed by successive rulers between the 13th and 16th centuries.

After its initial construction and use by Norse and Gaelic rulers, the castle changed hands repeatedly between the Scots and the English.

From 1405 to 1738, the Isle of Man, and the castle, was controlled by the Stanley family, beginning with Sir John Stanley.  His title began as the King of Mann, and over the centuries, the title transitioned to the Lord of Mann.  Today the reigning British monarch, currently King Charles III, is the Lord of Man (The spelling changed over the years). 

In the 18th century, the castle shifted in use to an administrative center including a mint and home for the law and parliament.  The Isle of Man has the longest continuous parliament in the world. In 1881, it became the first national legislative body in the world to give women the right to vote in a general election although the action excluded married women.

Late in the 18th century, the castle began a steady decline and was converted into a prison. It was in notoriously poor condition. The prison held both men and women (and the children born to the women).

Early in the 20th century,  the castle was restored under the oversight of the Lieutenant Governor, the highest ranking government official in residence on the island.   The castle transferred from the British Crown to the Isle of Man government in 1929.  

We lost count of how many rooms there were to explore in this compact castle. 

One of the eight bathrooms had a medieval “resident” trying to do his business, with sound effects! It is too bad we don’t have a video, or at least a picture of that memorable room!

Some rooms were decorated to show how it might have looked during medieval times. The bird is only in silhouette in this picture, but the bird being served was stripped of its beautiful outer plumage, cooked, and re-dressed for serving.

We went up and down many circular stairways.

Many rooms had placards indicating what the room was used for during its medieval, administrative and prisons timeframes.

The castle was very interesting but when we got back it was time to explore the town of Douglas a bit.

The Gibb brothers – the BeeGees – were born on the Isle of Man.

There is an infamous TT Motorcycle race that takes place here.  (We didn’t know it.). Friend and reader, Mark, just gave us the scoop on the race. Over 260 people have died since 1907. Sheesh!

Manx Cats were known as cats from the Isle of Man early in the 19th century.  Their lack of tail arose as a natural mutation on the island. 

The Manx Loaghtan is a small native sheep from the Isle of Man.  They usually have four, and occasionally six, horns.   It is much desired for its unique meat.

The Isle of Man flag was first recorded in its presentation to parliament in the 14th century.  A common interpretation is: Whichever way you throw me, I will stand – indicating resilience.  The symbol was also used on coins printed in the 17th – 19th centuries.

Shipwrecks on the coast of the Isle of Man in 1822 inspired local resident, Sir William Henry to encourage the British government to establish  “a national institution for the preservation of life and property from shipwreck.”  He was instrumental in saving lives personally and in development of this resource.

The little castle below is on the Island of Refuge. There is always supposed to be bread and water in the little castle for anyone in need.

Nieuw Statendam is the largest cruise ship that will visit the Isle of Man this year.  It is a ship of about 2600 passengers, mid size by industry standards.

The Isle of Man was one of the more interesting places we’ve been that we had not even known existed before arriving and exploring.

For many, many years, we had gotten a Christmas ornament from every new place we visited or every special trip we took.  We have had to get much more selective in recent years because we don’t have tree space for all the ornaments we already have.  That being said, I bought this one from Isle of Man in a heartbeat.

I will smile in remembrance as I place it in a prominent place on the tree this year.

Next up: Liverpool, England. We went Beatles-centric!

This was our first view coming into Galway, Ireland on the morning of July 31st.  It was early because we had a 7:00 am meet-up due to the need to tender into the port. 

If tendering is required it means the ship can’t dock at the pier, perhaps the port doesn’t have a pier, or the dock is too full or the ship is too big.  We will have four tender ports on this cruise and Galway is the first.   

We are on the same tour with Cindy and Darrell! 

There are 265 days of rain on the west of Ireland vs 165 on the east.  This was our first rainy day.

Galway has been on maps since the mid 1400s likely because of its inclusion on shipping routes.

Fourteen families ran Galway quite well from medieval to modern times. Thus, the city is called The City of Tribes.

The Browne family was one of those family tribes.  The Browne Doorway was part of the family townhouse, built in the early 17th century. The ornate decoration represent two families united in marriage.  

The Doorway is in John F Kennedy park.  President Kennedy came to Ireland and gave a speech in Galway asking “Who has a family member who has emigrated to America?”  Of course, there were many given the potato blight famine in Ireland.

This sculpture commemorates the Galway Hooker, also called Red Sails of Galway. This sturdy  boat is characterized by a black-colored hull (originally a tar coating) and rust-red sails. 

This is Galway Cathedral built between 1958 and 1965.  It was the last Cathedral built in Europe in the old style. A lot of money from Boston helped finance the cathedral.

Galway has strong pharmaceutical, education and tech device industries. The economy is typically strong and has been recession proof.

As we left Galway and went through nearby villages, we saw unique walls.  In the past, families designed and built walls in their own style.

We saw how these walls separated the farms.

Our destination was Rathbaun Farm.

We enjoyed exploring the 250-year-old farmhouse.

We had tea and scones. 

Randy was teaching us little finger positioning while drinking tea.

We had a few minutes more to explore the grounds. This thatching was interesting.

The Connolly family, still actively farming, allowed us to view their various sheep types.  They had about eight different varieties penned so we could see the differences.

One ewe had triplets, but she only had two teats.  Having two lambs is the norm. After a couple weeks, the largest will be taken away and bottle fed because she will no longer be able to provide for all three.

Two women on our tour bottle-fed two lambs. 

 

This ewe had a premie, only a couple days old.  In this picture she seems to be protecting her baby from too much attention.

Then the farmer went in and took it away from her so we could see it close up for a few minutes. I didn’t much like that he did that.  Cindy got a good picture of the little baby.

We watched the farmer maneuver his flock.  

Then he showed us how his dog moves the sheep.  I asked if the sheep were afraid of the dog, and the farmer acted as though it was a dumb question.  He said of course, because dogs kill sheep.  They have a problem with roaming pets occasionally killing sheep.  

When we have seen sheep and dogs in other places around the world, Randy and I have never had any sense that the dogs were any more than protectors and gatherers. Maybe it is a Scotland thing or maybe Randy and I just never ever thought about dogs being aggressive.

On another tour in Scotland a few weeks later, we saw this sign.

The wool shearing costs more than the wool is worth.  That is pretty common except for Merino wool from sheep in the southern hemisphere. The wool from here goes to China, India or Eastern Europe and will be mixed with other fibers in products.

There are breeding modification attempts being made to develop sheep that don’t grow as much wool so wouldn’t need to be sheared.

We drove by Dunguaire Castle — a small 16th-century castle built by the Hynes clan.  Defensively, there is water on three sides.

It is one of the most photographed castles in the west of Ireland and was used in the movies Guns in the Heather (1969) and North Sea Hijak (1979).

A group of writers, including WB Yates, bought the castle and had writers’ meetings and workshops. Then there was a period of disuse until it was renovated and opened for tours and period dinners activities.

The castle was closed for renovation at the time of our drive by “visit.”

More castles remain in western Ireland than other places in the country because development was slower so they weren’t taken down.

We were still following the Atlantic Coast Way that I wrote about in Donegal. It is Ireland’s Route 66 for tourism.

One more tender right back to the ship.

Next Up: Cobh, County Cork, Ireland

July 30 was the first visit of Nieuw Statendam to Kellybegs, Ireland.  Our ship was one of 24  ships that has, or will, arrive this season.

Killybegs has a deepwater harbor that opens into Donegal Bay. It boasts Ireland’s largest fishing fleet. The fleet are allowed specific seasons to get their quota per species.  Herring has not been fished for more than 20 years as the government tries to rebuild the population. Our guide mentioned two fish species that they fish to export but wouldn’t eat locally. 

Donegal is in the Republic of Ireland, but is also in the historic region of Ulster.  Ulster was divided in the decision for independence, generally along religious lines. Three of the nine counties voted to join the Republic of Ireland while the remaining six chose to form Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom.  Since 1998’s Good Friday agreement there is peace after centuries of warfare. 

Our drive to Donegal took us along part of the 2,500-kilometer-long coastal route known as the Wild Atlantic Way.  It was developed as a “Route 66” type tourism enhancement and has been very successful.  Due to the problems in Northern Ireland, many tourists had been reluctant to venture this far north.

We arrived in Donegal and walked to the ruins of an ancient Abby. The Abby was built in 1474 through the efforts of the powerful O’Donnell family who led this area for centuries.  Overtime, both Catholics and Protestants were buried there.

One of the significant historical events of the Abby was that Annals of the Four Masters was written here.  Four friars wrote one of the earliest texts of the history of Ireland.  

From there we moved to Donegal Castle, also built by a 15th century O’Donnell chieftain. The O’Donnell clan ruled the area from the 12th to 17th centuries.  Early inhabitants of the area had been tribal, flighting each other.

The tallest part if the castle is over 550 years old.  It was originally built as a fortress for the O’Donnell clan.

This depiction shows how the castle looked at that time. The reality of living in a castle in that era was that it was cold and dark.  The defensive features were walls made of 10 feet of solid stone and small windows presenting a wide range to shoot out, but little opportunity to shoot in.  

Another defensive feature was the trip stairs. The steps aren’t even to trip the advancing enemy.  They also go in a clockwise manner given that most of the population is right handed. It means a right hand of swordsman coming down the stairs as the advantage of the full swing of their sword. There is only one castle in all of Ireland, in which the staircase goes counterclockwise, Park Castle in County Lerum, likely built by a clan of predominate left handers.

The O’Donnells capitalized on the fishing industry that existed even then.  The fish was salted and sent to France and Spain.  They brought back 100 tons of wine per year – likely in those same barrels.

In England, Henry VIII gave way to Elizabeth I (although it wasn’t quite that simple) and she pressed British rule on Ireland.  In time the chieftains were run out and the O’Donnels destroyed Donegal castle so the British couldn’t use it.

In 1611, the castle and its lands were granted to an English captain, Basil Brooke. His family re-built and refined the tower house and added a new wing. 

The dining room has many windows for natural light under the Brookes. Only wealthy families could afford them. 

The two engravings of Coat of Arms represent the Brookes family and that of his wife, the Leyster family.

Over centuries the castle belonged to others and was abandoned.  It has undergone periods of restoration since 1990 by governmental agencies.

Inside the castle we saw a painting done to commemorate the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.  In 1847, the Choctaw donated $170 to help the Irish poor during the potato famine.  That was only 14 years after the tribe was marched along the Trail of Tears.  The gift created a lasting friendship  between the two nations.

There is a second commemoration to the Choctaw in Cork County, Ireland.

With an hour to ourselves, Randy and I stopped at McCafferty’s Bar for a Guinness.  Our tour guide said true Irish don’t drink Guinness – but we are tourists!

The Irish bartender, in the Irish bar, was not aware that true Irish don’t drink Guinness.  He says he serves a lot of it.

As we drove back our guide told us more information – although at this point all of it may be suspect! Guides are memorable for many reasons.

He said people build their houses along the roads in Ireland because they are likely built on family lands.  The highest home ownership in the world is in Ireland.  That standing is at risk since the price surge post covid.

Since 1922, the police, or garda, in Donegal have not carried weapons.  The crime rate in this part of Ireland is very low .

Our guide also said that 5000-6000 Americans emigrate to Ireland each year.  The number of research requests increased after November 2024.

The guide said leprechauns are an American invention and no Irish say “Top of the morning.”  Someone we met later wouldn’t comment on the leprechauns but did agree no one says “Top of the morning.”

Ireland was a new country for us and we had an interesting first day.

Next up: Galway with Cindy and Darrell

We started this cruise where we will end it, in Rotterdam, shown at #12. We had a sea day through the North Sea enroute to the Isle of Lewis, north of the Scottish mainland, depicted by #2. 

We received instructions about the immigration process for Scotland and Ireland.  The process was specific and different for those holding European or non-European passports.  On the day we arrived, July 29, we had to wait for our group to be called and proceed. Our group was determined by our shore excursion.

All the passengers on the ship had to meet face to face with an immigration officer, even if you did not have an excursion.  Our next step was to surrender our passports to ship personnel so immigration officials could view them at any time.  Our passports would be returned when we left Ireland. (I do not know if the crew had any/all of the same requirements. I assume that their passports are already held by ship personnel.)

Our ship docked at Stornaway, on the Isle of Lewis. The town has had a deep water port for only two years.  That allows passengers to walk off the ship instead of “tender” from anchor.  Lewis, and our destination, Harris, are in the remote Hebridean islands.

Most island residents work for the local government in services and infrastructure.  Medical workers are the second largest group.  Some work off shore in the oil industries.  Tourism is growing but has a short season.

These pictures are summer in northern Scotland.

Ninety-three pieces of the famous “Lewis chess set” were found on the island in 1931. Most were purchased by the British Museum shortly thereafter.  The game pieces came from at least four chess sets and other games.  The pieces were probably made in Norway in the late 12th or early 13th century. 

One of the three known missing pieces was found in Edinburgh during the Covid pandemic.  I vaguely remember hearing about that and researching the Lewis chess set at that time. It was nice to put a place to the memory. 

There may be some unclear geologic or geographic separation between the Isle of Lewis and the Isle of Harris but we never crossed a bridge or waterway.  When I asked the guide about it, I was told it technically IS the same island – kind of. The bus driver from one, and the tour guide from the other, put on quite the good natured show of being from separate entities.

Our tour went from Lewis to Harris to visit the Isle of Harris Distillery.  In a long history of illegal distilling, this distillery was the first legal one ever built on the island. 

We had a tasting and behind-the-scenes tour and learned how whiskey and gin are each made. 

Our first tasting was of something that was 65% alcohol.  It was comparable to bad moonshine and pretty awful! Although I’m not sure, I think this was the whiskey before it was improved, processed, and aged.

Our second and third tastings were Scotch whiskey, the two types this distillery produces.  The difference in color and taste have to do with the cask, or barrel, in which the whiskey ages.  It must age for a minimum of three years.

The lighter color whiskey utilizes former bourbon barrels from the United States.  The barrels can be used only once for bourbon and are then sold to Scotland for whiskey.

(We were at this place on a day there were massive protests against Donald Trump being in Scotland. I wondered if this distillery will continue to have access to the barrels if Trump retaliates. Of course, all things are connected and if that happens, the distilleries in Kentucky will lose market for their used barrels.)

The darker colored whiskey sits for the same three years but in barrels from Spain that were last used making sherry.  

We didn’t really like either whiskey, but the one from the sherry barrels was our preferred. It seemed a bit sweeter.

In Scotland, a person will add small amounts of water to fine tune the whiskey to individual taste. She had us try it and it did make a difference. They do not use ice.

The first time the cask is used for whiskey, it holds some of the flavor of either the bourbon or sherry.  The second time this distillery uses the casks, the batch will have more of a whiskey base flavor.   The casks are then sold again and not used in this distillery.

Cutting and burning peat was once a primary source of household heat in this area, but is no longer.  However, peat is still used in drying hops which enhances the flavor of their whiskey.

There is also a factor in whether the barrel has a light char or medium char when it was first prepared.

This whiskey flavor abacus allowed them to present a visual for the flavor differences between the whiskey aged in bourbon casks or sherry casks, in light char, or medium char casks, first or second use and other variables.

Our guide showed us the various steps in the process.

This distillery opened in 2015 but didn’t release their first whiskey until December 2023. 

In the meantime, while waiting on their whiskey, they needed to stay afloat financially so began producing gin. Gin only needs to sit for 72 hours.

Local seaweed is used in making Harris gin. 

Again, we saw the machinery involved. The gin is just pouring out in the picture on the right.

Harris gin put the Isle of Harris Distillery on the world map, selling in 24 countries.  Gin is the largest part of their business and is covering the company financially as whiskey consumption has declined worldwide. Whiskey is the largest export of Scotland.

 

To the credit of our guide, her information was fascinating- even to someone who didn’t like, know, or care about whiskey or gin.

I was interested in this tour for the Harris Tweed, also a product of this island. We were supposed to spend time learning about and shopping for Harris tweed.  When the distillery tour took most of our time, we only had twenty minutes to browse in the tweed shop.

Randy bought some tweed slippers because he’d actually been thinking about a second pair.  I bought a small case for my headphones.  We live in the desert and already have more winter clothes than we need.

With no tour guide to explain it, I had to do my own limited research.  Harris Tweed is known worldwide and originated in this small village.

 

Historically, sheep were important as they could survive the harsh winters.  They were kept for meat and in the summer they were sheared for wool.

Beginning in the 17th century, the local wool was made into a special cloth.  In 1908, the fabric process was trademarked.  

 

Harris Tweed is an iconic product but also an evolving industry.  The desire for new products has changed the industry.  Scotland is involved in producing cashmere because of the pure water.   There is also growth in “smart textiles” for quick dry products and burn fabrics.  The textile industry that started with tweed has changed and remained successful.Harri

In our visit to the shop, and seeing various tweeds around Scotland, we saw far more plaid than anything else.

Other random things we learned on our bus ride back to the ship:

The movie 2001 A Space Odyssey was shot on the barren landscape of eastern Harris.

Peter May wrote The Blockhouse Trilogy while on the Isle of Lewis and, in negotiations, has insisted that any future movie adaption be filmed on the island. 

Up next: We go to our first port in Ireland!

We were able to enjoy a relaxing morning in Rotterdam and walked a couple hundred yards to check in at the port.  We boarded Nieuw Statendam shortly after 11:00 a.m. on July 27th.

We were excited to begin our cruise titled Wild British Isles: Ireland’s West Coast with our friends Cindy and Darrell. Having boarded the day before, in Dover, they were on a tour to the windmills.

This was our fourth voyage on Nieuw Statendam, so we knew our way around.

Our cabin was ready so we had a chance to explore our large balcony.  

It is large because of how the ship juts out a bit.  We had chosen the cabin specifically because of the balcony.

The inside was just like any other verandah cabin we’ve ever had on this ship – perfectly adequate.

We noticed this large door above the bed. We learned later it was a drop-down bed for converting our two person cabin to a three or four person cabin if also utilizing the sofa bed. 

We spent time unpacking and organizing. We will live in this cabin for four weeks!

We watched our safety video and went to our muster station as required.    

We saw, and talked briefly, to Boby who had been our room steward on the Westerdam seven months ago. He did not remembe us, nor would I have expected him too.

Emely, on the other hand, remembered Randy right away.  She had been a favorite, also on the Westerdam, and we knew to look for her. Unfortunately, her job at the Dutch Cafe won’t allow for more than occasional brief contact.

We were happy to connect with Cindy and Darrell later in the afternoon.

We see them each time we go to Boise but haven’t vacationed with them since 2023 – on the cruise that Randy got quarantined with Covid.

It is always interesting to watch provisioning activity.

As we sailed away, we had one more look at the Hotel New York.

Since 1871, there have been seven ships named Rotterdam that have sailed for Holland America. The seventh, and current SS Rotterdam, had been in port prior to Nieuw Statendam arriving.

As we continued out of the city, we saw the permanently berthed fifth Rotterdam, now a hotel and restaurant.  

This former Holland America Line flagship was known as ‘La Grande Dame.’   She began sailing in 1959 and was the first Holland ship to transition from “transportation” to cruising as we know it.

As Rotterdam V aged, she no longer met maritime safety requirements. With Carnival Corporation owning Holland America, the ship was sold. She was renamed, abandoned after bankruptcy, sold again, and then refurbished.

In August 2008, Rotterdam V returned to the city of Rotterdam and is now a member of the West Cord Hotels group.  If we return, we will surely stay onboard.

As we continued on, we saw miles and miles of the port of Rotterdam, the largest in Europe, and the largest in the world outside of Asia.

We enjoyed dinner with our friends and went to a first show.

Harry the Piano was very entertaining.  Through most of the show he played songs of his choice.  In the final segment he created a medley of requested songs.  His trick is to weave the songs sometimes playing them in totally different styles if requested. Imagine “Don’t Cry for Me, Argentina” as a polka with “Stairway to Heaven” as a country song. He was pretty good!!

Overnight, and all the next day, we sailed to our first port of call, the Isle of Lewis in Scotland.

Kinderdijk has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.  This group of 19 windmills was built circa 1740 and is the largest grouping left in the Netherlands.  That was our destination for the day on July 26.

We had a private tour with a lovely young woman named Eleftheria.  She says she is totally Dutch but she had creative parents who chose her name which means freedom in Greek. 

As we walked across the Erasmus bridge she told us how most of the city center in Rotterdam is new since the Second World War.  Germany bombed the city into submission to have control of their port, the largest in Europe. The port stretches for miles, this is just the part viewable from the bridge.

The bridge is named for Desiderius Erasmus, a prominent renaissance humanist and a major historical figure in Dutch culture.

The bridge, also called The Swan, is a symbol of Rotterdam.  

We were riding on the bridge the night before in our Uber when one end went nearly vertical to allow a high masted boat to pass through. 

During that delay our Uber driver told us about the Hef Bridge, shown above, and how Jeff Bezos had coerced the city of Rotterdam to partially dismantle this bridge to allow his newly built yacht to pass under.  We were disgusted at the story. 

However, when El told us the story, she said that the city said “no” to the wealthy American and made him modify his yacht to be able to pass under.  We told her what we had been told the night before.  Although she was confident, El did the research quickly and confirmed that she was correct.  We liked her version of the story much more!

We learn repeatedly not to take everything tour guides or Uber drivers say as truth. Our Uber driver embellished a lot. He said when they dismantled the bridge to let Bezos’s boat through, they had to reconstruct it and used that opportunity to repaint it. Not only did they never take the bridge apart, it was never repainted.

The Hef is a vertical lifting bridge built in 1927 and was very unique for that time and is an iconic piece of Rotterdam.

We took a pleasant 45 minute cruise on public (boat) transportation to Kinderdijk.  This picture is Randy, of course, and the delightful El, or Eleftheria.

We passed a replica of Noah’s Ark. It was a little worse for wear, seemingly abandoned.

When we arrived at Kinderdjik, we missed the first few minutes of an orientation video. Seeing those minutes might have helped me but it took awhile to wrap my head around the fact that the canals and windmills were to get the water OUT. That was needed to make the land livable.  

Exposing the land also allowed them to cut out portions from the peat layer to dry and use as a fuel source. Some still use peat, centuries later.

We live in a desert in a decades long drought.  My mind always thinks conserve water and save every precious drop.  It just didn’t compute trying to get rid of the water so they could live in marshy lands below sea level.

Kinderdijk is Dutch for “Children dike” and named for the legend of a villager finding a wooden cradle floating after a flood. 

Inside was a child with a cat trying to keep it in balance.  This sculpture is on the grounds in commemoration.

The former queen of the Netherlands, Beatrix, was instrumental in making sure this collection of 19 windmills were preserved.   Seventeen are rented out as homes while two are set as part of site tours.

Apparently, this is the iconic windmill shot at Kinderdijk.

And here is proof that we were there!

We enjoyed touring the two available windmills and seeing how “millers” and their families lived through the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

We had an interesting talk with one man about his wooden shoes.  He wears them always, but said they must be paired with wool socks.

They are made from a renewable resource, protect his feet from getting wet and being stepped on by farm animals.  Finally, they can be firewood when they are used up.  He says a pair lasts him about eight months.  In hindsight, we failed to ask how he knew when a pair needed to be replaced.

We visited a large building that held the steam engines that took on water pumping after the windmills.

Nowadays, water experts, using modern technology, play the chess game of how much water to remove, from where, at any given time, considering present and presumed precipitation.

At the end of our tour we rode the boat back into Rotterdam. 

We decided to avoid the long walk back across the bridge. We got tickets aboard a second boat, a water taxi, for 10 Euros (about $11.50). It was a great choice.

From a different angle, we could see an interesting sky scraper behind the Erasmus bridge.

It was also interesting to see our Hotel New York from the water. It was a nice stay in Rotterdam!

Next Up: We board the Nieuw Statendam, catch up with friends Cindy and Darrell, and begin our first of two cruises.

We were still in Amsterdam on July 25th.  We had a food tour scheduled in the afternoon after our Anne Frank House morning.

We met our guide, Roman, and our fellow food tourists.  Roman was amazing in how he instantly knew everyone’s name.  He does two tours almost every day so it isn’t like he could study them.

Roman began by taking us to a flower market that opened in 1871.  It is open everyday.  The Dutch originally acquired tulips from Istanbul and currently send out two billion tulips a year.  The growing season is March to May.

It wasn’t until we got to the back side that he showed us the flower market is really floating on the canal.

We stopped for Gouda cheese, which is aged beteeen two weeks and two years.   Each Dutch person eats about 34 lbs of Gouda cheese a year.  Edam is also a local cheese.

We started by watching a video about this dairy farmer’s ways.  His philosophy is that happy cows make the best milk and the best cheese.  His cows can be outside in the pasture or they can be reclining on soft hay in the covered area.  They can be milked or not as they feel the need.  The video showed how the cows walk themselves to an automatic milker.  We all loved this farmer.

The cows did make delicious cheese.  We were able to sample about 20 kinds of cow, sheep and goat cheese. 

My favorites were the “goat cheese extra old” and “rosemary and thyme.”

Randy said he liked them all.  Several in our group bought cheese but we were in a hotel without a refrigerator heading to a cruise ship.

Our next stop was for take away grilled cheese sandwiches made with edam, gouda and cheddar cheeses.  The dip had a mayonnaise base.

We walked a bit and came to a unique part of the city.  There are 105 women who live in this protected community of apartments. It is designed to give childless, unmarried women, 35 and older, with limited income, a safe community. 

There used to be more of these communities around Amsterdam, some run by the church, and later by the city.  Visitors may access the public courtyard during specific hours.

The last wooden house in Amsterdam is here.  It is over 600 years old.   Many houses in Amsterdam were once built of wood, but repeated fires initiated a required change in materials.

Directly across from each other are Protestant and Catholic Churches.  Both are active and allow participation from outside the women’s community.

The Netherlands was ruled by Spain for many years and was, thereby, Catholic.  When it became independent, the country became protestant. In tolerance, they allowed some Spanish Catholic churches if they were “hidden”  

This Catholic Church was one of them.  There is nothing denoting a church from the outside construction.

When the Dutch became protestant, they became Calvinists. Calvinists didn’t allow themselves pleasure in food.  As a remaining characteristic in Dutch culture, food preparation and eating is done as efficiently as possible.

Thus, our next food stop was for take away fish. 

Our group circled around and ate from the top of a trash can!  Roman did clean it off and gave us hand sanitizer.  It was kind of strange, but it worked.

Our first “course” was herring with pickle and onion.  I try to be a good sport in these settings and eat a little of everything – even things I think I’ll hate.  I didn’t hate the herring – but the dominate taste was the pickle so that helped.

The second sampling was kibbeling, or fried cod.  It tasted just like any fried fish to me, but Randy liked it.

Roman continued to push around his bike as we walked from place to place.  He had some things for us in his packs.  His bike is a rental for €19 per month. The rental price for tourists is €15 a day.  The rental shop will fix anything that needs to be repaired and replace it if it gets stolen as long as he can prove it was locked.  Proof is having the key, removable only if the bike is locked.

Roman stressed repeatedly that Amsterdam is very safe BUT over 500,000 bikes are stolen every year. He said it’s a national craze.

Hans Egstorf is the oldest bakery in Amsterdam. We stopped for stroopwafels. 

We have had the crisp, packaged version before but not ones hot out of the waffle iron.   They had a ginger/clove taste with caramel flavoring in the middle.

Food tours are interesting, not just for the food, but for the quirky things you learn.  

A coffeehouse sells canabis, not coffee.  This one is owned by Mike Tyson.  If you really want coffee, go to a cafe.

We had gone to a cafe to get coffee right after arriving in Amsterdam that morning. Mostly, we wanted to get change from a 50 Euro bill.  The proprietor said she couldn’t make change so early in the day but explained how people get change in Amsterdam.  She directed us to a nearby grocery store to buy a small item.  She said to use a checkout machine that would take cash to get the change back.  I’m sure it was comical for others to see how confused we were because there were no directions in English.  The young man behind us, who wanted to use the machine, helped us.

And the most fun story we heard – The Netherlands gained independence from Spain and became the first republic in Europe in the 1630s.  However, the Dutch eventually chose monarchy and were ruled by descendants of conquering hero William the Orange.   According to the legend, farmers crossbred carrots to give them an orange color to honor their monarch.  The orange carrot color grew in popularity, spread around the world, and became the dominant color.

Most houses in Amsterdam lean forward with a hook near the roof.  This allows for packages and furniture to be hoisted up.  The stairs within the houses are usually far too narrow. 

Our food tour group crossed the largest canal bridge in Amsterdam. The bridge had many people on it but I have learned how to edit them out.  Amsterdam was plenty crowded that day – just not in my pictures.

The bridge used to have prison cells underneath it and one enclosure is still visible.

Our next course, again as take away, was french fries with a mayo curry sauce.

Then we had a kroketten, or beef filled croquette.  It was pretty good.

The only time we sat in a restaurant during our three hour tour was for our final course – Dutch apple pie!  We had Dutch beer with it!

Food in the Netherlands is generally simple, frequently fried, and quick to prepare and eat, usually while standing.   There just isn’t a foodie culture here. The food tour though, was still a blast!

Next up:  We learn about something that really is part of the Netherlands culture – windmills.